Here are some of the things I’ve been thinking about:

The two areas in trading that separate the men from the boys (so to speak) are:

1.) The ability to divide environmental perceptions in half and process them separately. First I ask myself what I am feeling and in doing so I acknowledge and honor the feelings so that they don’t cry out for expression on the chart. Then and only then I ask the market what it is telling me. (I used to combine these two observations; I used to subconsciously deny how I was feeling because I knew it was wrong to let my feelings dictate a trade and so the feelings were bleeding into my technical observations because I had not acknowledged them and honored them.)

2.) The ability to execute according to #1 as if I am even or in the black when I am in the red. If during my 90 minutes of trading (09:30 -
11:00), I’m in the red, usually the feeling is something like “I’m afraid! I want to be in the market! I want to be in a trade!”

re A.N.N.A.:

I realized it’s not enough to intellectually understand ANNA. I had to write my own version of the ANNA software for my own internal hardware. When I learned to ride a bike, even though I’d observed someone else doing it and they told me how, I still had to write the program in my own head about how to balance and pedal. It couldn’t be just an intellectual understanding.

re trading plan rules:

I think that if you need strict rules, you’re not ready to trade cash. Strict rules mean that you’re not in control of your emotional feedback
in a live market. I’m not tape reading and I have general ideas about where I get in a trade (ideally the pullback at the end of a trend) but
I don’t have strict rules because it seems trading is an art not a science.

-Trader Diagnosis

Evidently I just can’t get enough of what the Ivory Towerites have to say about the “brain on risk“. This weekend, despite Open House New York and two of the three living creatures I must tend to out of town, I found myself listening to Joseph LeDoux of NYU, David Brooks of the NY Times and  5th year post-docs from as far away as Peking talk about their latest findings (or thoughts in the case of Brooks) regarding how our brains use, perceive, process and react to emotional data ... and I LOVED it!

See the real reason Trader Psyches exists (full disclosure here) is of course, like every student of any form of psychology or psychiatry, I wanted to understand my own thinking, decisions and actions – particularly in relationship to my ability to easily take gobs of money out of the market but almost just as easily – okay even more easily – give it back. (I have cured the second btw – and yes with my own methods).

Believe it or not, social and emotional (affective) neuroscience holds the key. Questions like how does the brain interpret symbols that represent other people’s intentions versus how does the brain interpret direct physical evidence of other people’s intentions (a raised fist or pointed gun for example), go directly to the heart of the matter of trading in a pit versus trading on a screen as well as in the case of the aforementioned, directly to chart reading.

Evidence is mounting that despite the widespread belief that markets are about numbers and probabilities in fact our brains are not fooled and know they are about predicting other traders and investors intentions and future motivations. In other words, maybe the reason so many people have such a hard time consistently thinking in terms of probability is that the brain knows that just because you have a hammer, a hammer isn’t necessarily the right tool for the job!

A couple of specific points – and names of researchers to ponder – (in many cases this data comes from what are called poster sessions where doctoral and post-doc explain their latest research so it isn’t published yet.)

1. Pranjal Mehta, Columbia University  “Neural Mechanisms of the testosterone-aggression relationship: the Role of the OrbitoFrontal Cortex” A couple of the salient points for trading here 1) any effects of testosterone were relevant within gender norms or in other words, women with relatively high testosterone compared to other women showed the same effects as men with relatively high testosterone. Take home for female traders – you know that news item a few years ago about traders in Europe and testosterone and lengths of fingers… don’t worry about it!

Ancillary points include the location of the actions (frontal cortex) and the complex interaction of testosterone and cortisol. Why do they matter? – more evidence that our higher brains aren’t just extraordinary computers and maybe the whole widely held assumption that our brains CAN work like ultimate computers needs revised!

2) Kateri McRae, Stanford, “Bottom-up vs. Top-down emotion generation: Implications for emotion regulation”. (Now as any regular follower of ours knows I think the whole emphasis on regulating emotions is mis-placed because the FACT OF THE MATTER IS, you only have to regulate actions! Nevertheless, the concept of modulating one’s own emotions still permeates lots of the science so my other attitude is let’s see what we can learn.)

The most salient point here – and I quote  – “Reappraisal paradoxically INCREASED amygdala activity during bottom-up generated emotion“. Okay I know that the meaning of that isn’t intuitively obvious to a trader (otherwise why would you even be reading this?) so let me explain. I think it is safe to say that the most widely held BELIEF regarding changing negative emotions centers around the ideas of re-framing or in layman’s terms, changing your perception about the meaning of something. All kinds of official and pop psychology strategies including NLP or “neuro-linguistic programming” rely on the idea that if you change how you think, it will change how you feel.

What this study is saying is that process worked for certain processes like interpreting “words, statements or autobiographical memories” but it not only did not work for more basic interpretations like “phobic objects” (red on your P&L) but in fact, when tried with more survival (my word) type emotional reactions, it actually made it worse.

All I can say is Hallelujah! If I have answered a question about NLP or re-framing in a trading psych webinar once, I have answered it 1000 times. “Do you use, believe, recommend etc. NLP?” I am always adamant, militant and maybe even rude because I am so sure it doesn’t work when it comes to losing money (based on talking to 1000’s of traders and the a priori knowledge of the centrality of emotion to perception) and I know it tends to make it worse because when tried you have not only a negative trade but an additional experience of failure to deal with!

So… how to apply? If you have tried reappraisal or what most call reframing or even reprogramming and it didn’t work for  you, don’t waste one second wondering or worrying about why. The Darwinian nature of trading and the conscious and unconscious meaning of a red P&L is almost certainly a “bottom-up” emotion and behavioral & brain picture evidence says that strategy worsens the situation.  (As an aside – you’ll find more around the blog but in short try words instead – put the feelings into words. Write it out or talk it out – without judgment. No one at the conference will verify this technique but give it a try – and let me know.)

… I skipped the end of the meeting today (just to write this post but yesterday ended with David Brooks calling for  those who will create a revolution by bridging what science knows about how we think and the long held misunderstanding that we are single, isolated beings rationally maximizing our utility. I can only hope that Mr. Brooks will consider Trader Psyches and our new parent The ReThink Group an element of that revolution.

Back and rested from a weekend trip to academia -

The annual Society for Neuroeconomics meeting, held in Evanston this year, reviews a cornucopia of pre-publication research papers centered on the topic of decision making under risk and ambiguity. With everything from electrodes being implanted into patients who were having brain surgery for intractable epilepsy to the actual formulas of computational neuroscience (which a hedge fund or two lists as their primary strategy) to the one-trial learning of a Monterrey Bay slug, there is an almost incomprehensible amount of information presented over the course of three days.

A couple of extrapolated highlights especially for speculators though -

#1) Inter-temporal discounting refers generally to the phenomenon of taking the money and running – i.e. “why can’t I just wait until my target“? There were numerous studies presented both in session and on poster boards… too many for this short de-brief. Stay tuned -

2) Too many choices reduces the likelihood of a choice at all.  Colin Camerer (pronounced cam-er-er) presented this last and given his stature as a game theorist and neuroeconomist… it was worth the change flight fee!  Too many things on your charts anyone?

3) Courtesy of Nichole Lighthall of USC – under stress, men will react by “more trials” (i.e. over-trading?) whereas women will react by being more careful. Sound familiar?

4) Cal-tech is again coming to aid of the Theory of Mind idea in perceiving and executing in complex games. (In other words, the Social Markets Hypothesis). This IS going to be big – and the original paper does appear on its way belated way to The Journal of Finance per Dr. Peter Bossaerts.

5) And just to make your day – The University of Iowa discussed in some detail why if you engage in “self-control” (i.e. sticking to a trading plan), it is experimentally proven that you will subsequently have less ability to engage in “self-control”. … This could be a disheartening fact for many short term discretionary or even model based traders… but look at it this way, at least it isn’t just you!

So… just a few highlights… and points to look forward to as Trader Psyches and our new parent The Re-Think Group discusses The Psychology of Risk over the next few months!

Oops – one more – our “French PhD Chick” Elise is defending her dissertation on October 9th in Switzerland. Wish her luck and we (sort of) look forward to changing her name to Dr. Payzan Le Nestour. We also hope to bring her to the US as an advisory researcher!

1.    Realize that numbers reveal only ¾ of the picture.
2.    To see 99%, wrap all numbers in a cocoon of qualitative data.
3.    Elevate qualitative analyses to the level of quantitative analyses.
4.    Leverage how all human brains interpret uncertainty.
5.    Differentiate implicit learning from impulse.
5.    Never forget which game you are playing – poker or rugby.

Being interviewed on CNBC & “ABC World News Tonight” on the same day makes it so clear to me how differently the market is viewed depending on what kind of desk you sit behind. I had no sooner walked out of the NYSE when an ABC producer rang (thanks btw to whomever changed the rules so that you can keep the same cell phone number even if you switch carriers – which come to think of it, is a factor in the economy recovery… hmm… a post for Greenfaucet –  but I digress.)

Given that I was actually in the Wall Street subway station and could barely hear, I said “Sure I can stop by after my lunch appointment with the Director of Research @  fund of funds X (hec just because I also share an apartment and two dogs with the man I was meeting didn’t seem THAT relevant)  I figured (assumed) they must want me to talk about the same thing I just got done talking about – how key levels play themselves out in market reversals.

Guess again – and note to self NEVER EVER – even if it is Charlie Gibson (or his proxy) calling skip the pre-interview! The point of the segment was to say that Friday morning’s drop in consumer confidence caused the Monday morning market swoon. But hec, to me, the discretionary high-frequency trader, Friday morning could have been 2001 by Monday afternoon.

But of course, I am the odd man out here – and not viewing the markets the way the “average investor” does. It also brings up some thoughts about the markets really do work – or the infinite loop between fundamentals, facts and fear.

Many traders and investors work off “fundamentals” – i.e. company prospects or economic data. Many traders work off “facts” i.e. the actual price something is trading at and the relationship of that price to prices gone before (some may not think these are enough but they are indeed facts – the S&P is trading right this moment at 984.50 and that IS a fact) and we all can get caught up in the two kinds of fear that drive the market – fear of losing and fear of missing out.

An uncanny phenomenon however is how the facts and the fundamentals converge. Last Friday we had been trading for 8 days at the November highs in the ES S&P mini futures contract when a worse than expected US Consumer confidence number was released – causing the market to take an intraday swoon. Now that swoon was in the making regardless in that we had failed to close above the key swing high for days and days.

So I simply saw it as a failure of a key level – but David Muir saw it as a disappointing confidence reading. Was one of us more right than the other? (Okay I am biased but)… In reality, NO. The two are different lenses used for different types of “photographs” but both explain the subsequent price action.

Fear may be the trump card – if we are rallying hard off of a low – like one made in March – there is a rush to get in and not miss out. If we are falling hard, like we did last Fall, there is a similar albeit more violent rush to get out. And here we are right back in the loop as those rushes change the facts (price) and price influences the fundamentals – at least consumer confidence and a whole slew of other economic or company earnings data.

The lesson here – enter this infinite loop through any door – fear, facts or fundamentals. Just know which one it is so you have the breadcrumb path to get back out!

It has been awhile since I had a day with two stop-outs and no more trades. At first I chocked it up to a series of Trader Psyches biz things that went our way in the last 24 – a known hedge fund called for consulting, a big broker offered to market our workshop, a big finance organization offered to post our July 15th talk – it was a good 24.

But now I realize, it wasn’t those things. Oh they may have helped but the One Cocky Feeling was actually much more trading related. This morning I deposited a check from my June trading…and it wasn’t any old check. My SO Bill had commented the other day when he saw it laying near the outgoing to-do pile, “WOW is that your June trading?” … and Bill can be a bit like Mikey from the old cereal commercial (you know, “Wow Mikey likes it!”) … so actually I now realize that what I was feeling as I took a little too much risk on the first trade was that I wanted more of that feeling – the feeling of impressing someone not that impressionable.

So I write for two reasons – one, it is my way of working it out (as I recommend for everyone) and two, as an object lesson in double-checking the exact state of one’s psychological capital before they take a trade. In my case, the bucket was TOO full and almost more importantly I didn’t realize that I was wanting something in particular – something having nothing to do with trading. It is fun to impress a former fed economist who also trades options – one whom you also happen to think is the smartest guy you have ever met.

And that clearly is a truly lousy trade set-up. Truly lousy.

Now about that second stop out…

The arguably most famous and respected trading psychologist on the planet makes a point that we are not and should not be trading for personal development. I respectfully disagree.

Playing the game wherein the object is to take money out of the hands of very many other smart people who are also pouring enormous resources into taking your money may very well be the most difficult endeavor on the planet. How can something that challenging NOT be a journey of personal development? How can playing a game where every nanosecond provides a declaration on your skill and success NOT challenge the ego?

I personally don’t think it is possible to separate the two. And actually I don’t see any reason why one must. After all, isn’t personal development one of the greatest joys in life – to try, to fail, to get better and then learn to succeed… and then learn to succeed MORE?

In any event, this post is really about something else. It is about how we unconsciously create patterns in our trading that reflect our ways of being that we laid down much earlier in life. Yesterday I spoke with someone who trades much better when they are already down money. As we tried to unravel this mystery, we discovered that this person also always did better on college term papers when they left them until the last minute. If they tried to write one in advance, the paper would be mediocre at best. We talked about how that felt then and how it feels now.

And it is in that analysis of those constellations of feelings, that both the trading progress and inseparably, the personal development lies.

We in this day and age still falsely believe that most of what we do as adults we do out of our intellects. In reality, we act out of how we feel. I have said it before and I will say it again, a team of the best neuroeconomists and game theorists in the world (Colin Camerer, Lowenstein & Prelec) says “It is not enough to know what should be done, one must also feel it.”

Inverting that means there is a feeling associated with EVERY action.

Digging deeper one finds that the feelings associated with trading often mirror, reflect or echo feelings we had earlier in life in challenging or stressful situations. The markets tap into our core self-image and ways of being. (”emotional architecture.”) How could they not with their tick by tick assessments?

This doesn’t have to be detrimental to our P&L. If we know it and we learn to be aware of it, we can accomplish two things – make more? money and “personal development.”

Sooner or later, it is bound to happen. The markets conspire to converge in a way that fits your optimal trading strategy. You see it, you know it and then at the same moment, the phone rings, or the boss yells or the ….. Something happens that interrupts your ability to execute as you planned and you miss the trade. In those moments, it seems that you are cursed. It seems that all of the time, energy, effort and money spent learning to read the markets is for naught. The whole endeavor is doomed.

And what do you want to do?

Dollars to donuts, the urge is to take another trade. The feeling of needing to do something… anything… is totally consuming. Chances are you have already done something before you even realized how consumed by the energy you are/were.

It so happens that a version of this is happening to me the author right at this very moment. For months, the CME Group and Trader Psyches have been working on an event in New York wherein I am the featured speaker talking about how the brain perceives uncertainty and unknowable probabilities. I have been working on reading all the latest research to put a really stellar, worthwhile talk together… and just now I get an invite from a woman who told me she would promote it, who is holding a competing event! Besides flabbergasted, I am infuriated.

And the ONE thing I know NOT to do is trade or even look at the markets!!!

See the markets are very deceiving because we can always act. We can reduce our annoyance, frustration or anger by substituting the feeling that we are doing something. And yes we are, we are taking a risk that will either make money or not. Most likely, if the trade is perceived and conceived within the feeling of wanting to reduce the frustration (DO SOMETHING god damn it!), the odds of the perception being accurate are just about zero.

What does this get us? For a moment we feel better. We took control of our situation and made something happen. Then the price starts to move. It may even tick in our direction for a minute. If we are lucky.

The next feeling is “Oh S***”, the D*** trade isn’t working!” At which point, we either stop ourselves out and feel doubly worse than we did at the beginning of the blog post (only to watch it turn back) OR we insist we have power and take the stop out altogether. “It will come back we tell ourselves.”

The hardest part about this whole scenario is it is SO natural to want to take action when we are frustrated. It is particularly natural to want to take action in the arena that frustrated us. In the markets, that never works. But knowing that intellectually won’t help you. Otherwise, Trader Psyches would never exist because everyone knows this intellectually.

Doing it is hard because it is about allowing yourself the feeling but also the capacity to think about the feeling in order to find the best course of action.

Anger always has an instructive message buried deep within. We have unfortunately been brain-washed to believe otherwise because we have confused feeling with acting. Maybe it is telling you, you need a trading bubble where people can’t get to you. Maybe it is telling you to find another way to focus.

In the meantime, punch a bag, pillow, chair, even your desk. Pound on the wall. Write a comment on this blog. Just DO NOT take a trade – at least until you know what the real lesson is.

Finding that lesson hidden within the fury is the action you need to take!

A few years ago I discovered Tom Alexander of Alexander Trading and finally “got” what those wacky charts with the horizontal letters were saying. The next thing I did was strip my Tradestation charts of all of their fibs, oscillators and graphics that had accumulated over the years.

Why? Well in studying various forms of technical analysis since 1994 I knew a bit about candles, EW, Drummond geometry, fibonacci’s … you name it. All seemed to have some value. When actually I finally listened to someone who understood auction market theory I realized that every thing I more or less knew about TA was encapsulated in a market profile chart.

Case in point was yesterday. I wasn’t really planning on trading but I keep my basic ES market profile chart up. I could see (and tweeted to Twitter (@traderpsyches)) that we were developing a trend day down in the AM. Each of the first four half hour periods had lower lows and lower highs … and then I saw it. I shove lower and a bounce…. right to the highest volume node (Tom calls them key reference areas or kra’s.? (He is @kratrader on twitter and stocktwits) of the day.

Now when more volume has accumulated at a price (over time), that means there are lots of traders in trades where that is their break even point. It tends to mean they will add to their trade there – or defend it – or if they were long from there, in this case, they will be back to break even and get out. Since I was going short, it basically meant we shouldn’t go too far through that price because of those traders who care about that price. If we do, well then they have been overwhelmed by another group. In short, (no pun), it meant this was a good place to be short.

I put a tight stop in at 941 (trade entered at 939). My Ninja trader platform helped a whole lot here because we did in fact trade at 941 but I was not taken out because my Ninja strategy is set to trigger the stop only if there are less than 50 trades on the offer (in the short scenario).

It took a fair amount of having to talk through the chop and slop but then around 1 p.m. (over an hour into the trade) …. whoosh…. and a basic 10 points I had.

I looked at the drop. Trailed my stop (which Ninja would do automatically I just didn’t have it set up in this strategy)? and then saw we really were at the next KRA or high volume node from two days earlier – again a place where other traders will be more willing to be involved because many of them already are involved at that price. So I covered… knowing it might go lower.

In the end, I think I covered about as well as could be expected. In other words, the whole thing was almost the perfect trade. (In contrast to Monday when I tweeted about rotating back into the range just prior to the violent move upward – and then wrote about it on Greenfaucet.com)

The long and the short of it is – market development as can easily be seen through a market profile chart and as taught by Tom Alexander hugely simplifies the process of understanding the market – for me. I suggest everyone take a look -

Alexander Trading

Ninja Trader

(btw they don’t know I am writing this and I won’t get anything for it…it just works and that trade went so well and was so public on twitter that it seemed right to explain).

btw2 – if you have trading strategies and tactics that you really understand and feel good about – PLEASE IGNORE all of this!! Please!)

When you feel confident, presuming you do sometimes feel confident, where do you feel it? Can you feel it in your brain or is it in your thorax (i.e. middle part of your body)? Better yet, why do I ask?

Well if you think about it, part of our mission here at Trader Psyches is to teach traders of all stripes how to use the message in Gladwell’s blink to assist in the d/m (that is decision making) process. The zillion copies it has sold prove the interest in it but the practical parts about what I read – sort of the “just do it” related to using your instantaneous impressions seem frankly impossible.

And I honestly still feel that most traders are for good reason, stuck in their heads. So, I ask this simple question – when you feel confident where does it hurt?